genetics

Polygenic Scores May Improve Accuracy of ADHD Diagnosis when Combined with Standard Diagnostic Scales (2024 Study)

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The ADHD polygenic score (PGS) adds slight yet statistically significant value to existing ADHD diagnostic tools, though it currently lacks clinical utility. Highlights: Study Overview: Researchers tested if adding a genetic score (ADHD PGS) to traditional diagnostic tools (ASRS and WURS scales) and family history could better predict ADHD. Improvement in Diagnosis: Adding the ADHD …

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Genetics of Depression Linked to Gut Microbiome Abnormalities (2024 Study)

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Alterations in the gut microbiome are causally linked to major depressive disorder (MDD), with certain gut bacteria either increasing or decreasing the risk of developing MDD. Highlights: Protective Bacteria: Ten gut bacterial taxa, including phylum Actinobacteria and family Bifidobacteriaceae, were found to be protective against MDD. Risk Factors: Ten other taxa, such as phyla Firmicutes …

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids & Depression vs. Genetics: EPA-to-DHA Ratio (2024 Study)

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Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may reduce the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), but causality remains uncertain due to potential pleiotropic mechanisms. Highlights: Genetic Evidence for Omega-3 & Depression: The study used two-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate the causality between genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acid levels and major depression, finding a protective …

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Depression Linked to Increased Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis (2024 Study)

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TLDR: A study found a bidirectional causal relationship between depression and osteoarthritis (OA) but only a one-way relationship where depression increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Highlights: Bidirectional Causality: There is a bidirectional causal relationship between depression and osteoarthritis (OA), meaning depression can increase the risk of OA and vice versa. Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA): …

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Optimizing Escitalopram (Lexapro) Dosage with CYP2C19 Enzyme Genetics & Body Weight

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Researchers have made strides towards enabling personalized dosing for the commonly prescribed antidepressant escitalopram. Using robust clinical trial data, they developed an innovative population pharmacokinetics model that elucidates the impact of patient genetics and physiology. Key Facts: Model based on data from over 170 healthy Chinese adults receiving single escitalopram doses Identified CYP2C19 liver enzyme …

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Parental Inbreeding (Consanguinity) Increases Risk of Schizophrenia (South India Study)

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A new study conducted in rural South India has found that people whose parents are blood relatives (consanguineous marriage) have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia compared to the general population. Key Facts: Researchers recruited 120 patients with schizophrenia and 222 healthy controls from the same rural region in South India. 10.7% of patients with …

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Genetics & Intelligence (IQ): How DNA Shapes Cognition, Problem Solving, etc.

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Our genes influence more than just our raw intelligence and problem-solving abilities. The latest discoveries in the genetics of intelligence are showing how our DNA shapes how we learn, our educational attainment, occupational success, and even our health outcomes. Genetic research is revealing the deep connections between inherited cognitive capacities and multiple aspects of life. …

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Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviors: Physiology, Brain Structure & Function, Genetics

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Criminal behavior has complex origins. While social and psychological factors play a clear role, a growing body of research suggests biological factors also influence criminality. Here’s what the science says so far about the biology underlying criminal behavior. Key Facts: Genetics account for 40-60% of variance in antisocial behavior. Environmental factors also play a role. …

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Pharmacogenomics: Genetics Determine Weight Gain & Loss from Drugs & Medications

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Obesity has reached epidemic levels globally, with serious health and economic consequences. While lifestyle factors play a key role, genetics also influence a person’s susceptibility to weight gain or difficulty losing weight. An emerging field called pharmacogenomics is uncovering how genetics impacts response to medications that cause weight gain as a side effect, as well …

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