TL;DR: A 2026 Human Brain Mapping study combined PET receptor imaging with speech functional MRI, or fMRI, in healthy adults and found that GABA signaling and striatal dopamine release interacted with brain activity during human speech control. Key Findings PET-fMRI sample: The study included 17 right-handed volunteers, with mean age about 53 years. Receptor tracers …
TL;DR: A 2026 study in Cell Reports used electroencephalography (EEG), a brain-wave recording method, in 92 nappers to identify four mental states across wakefulness, sleep onset, and light sleep, including a bizarre dream-like state with reduced frontal-occipital connectivity. Key Findings Four distinct mental states emerged from the data, not the expected two: A clustering algorithm …
TL;DR: A 2026 medRxiv preprint applied the AT(N) framework, an Alzheimer’s disease biomarker system for amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration, to 84 older adults with focal epilepsy and found that only 32.1% had normal blood biomarkers, while early-onset epilepsy carried higher odds of biomarker abnormality. Key Findings Epilepsy cohort: Researchers analyzed focal epilepsy participants from the …
TL;DR: A 2026 study in Communications Psychology analyzed 1,687 dream reports and 1,679 waking reports, finding that dreams were more visual, spatial, social, bizarre, and emotionally negative than waking experiences. Key Findings 3,366 reports analyzed: the main dataset included 1,687 dream reports and 1,679 waking reports from 207 adults collected between 2020 and 2024. Dreams …
TL;DR: A 2026 three-wave experimental study in Communication Research (N=3,000+ adults across the US and the Netherlands) found that AI-generated political deepfake videos damaged the reputations of targeted politicians even when viewers correctly suspected the footage was fake — and standard fact-checks restored authenticity perception without reversing the reputational harm. Key Findings Three-wave experiment, 3,000+ …
TL;DR: A 2026 study in PNAS found that across convention-learning experiments, people explored uncertain options at first, then committed once enough evidence crossed a Tolerance Principle threshold rather than simply copying others or optimizing probabilities. Key Findings Two-stage learning fit behavior: Participants behaved probabilistically while uncertain, then shifted into stable choices once accumulated evidence crossed …
TL;DR: A 2026 human microbiome and intervention study in Nature Communications found that coffee drinkers showed distinct gut microbiome composition and lower several microbial metabolites, while caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee shifted stress and mood measures in the intervention phase. Key Findings Study type: a study of habitual coffee intake, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, gut microbes, …
TL;DR: A 2026 study in Neuropsychopharmacology found that reward uncertainty, measured with functional MRI (fMRI), a brain-scan method, engaged different adolescent brain networks during waiting for a possible reward versus learning the outcome, with anxiety and anhedonia tied to different parts of that response. Key Findings 84 adolescents were scanned: The sample included psychotropic-medication-free youth …
TL;DR: A 2026 study in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition found that across 12 online experiments, memorable faces helped people remember paired names, but memorable scenes did not give the same boost to paired city names or first names. The result suggests that some faces are better retrieval cues, and that face …
TL;DR: A 2006 study in Perception found that synesthesia was estimated to be 88 times more common than the old 0.05% figure after researchers used non-self-referred sampling and objective consistency tests. Key Findings Older conventional wisdom was about 0.05%: the paper describes that as the prior belief about synesthesia prevalence. The prevalence estimate was 88 …
