TL;DR: A 2026 analysis in Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health of 827 middle-aged adults found that profiles combining intestinal-permeability biomarkers with age, cardiometabolic risk, or lifestyle factors were associated with smaller brain volumes and higher plasma neurofilament light in sex-specific patterns, with only the women’s profiles also associated with higher 4-year odds of neurological …
TL;DR: A 2026 post-hoc reanalysis in Molecular Psychiatry found that women assigned davunetide in a prior 52-week progressive supranuclear palsy trial had more favorable scores on the 10-item PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS-10), daily-living measures, and several cognitive outcomes than women assigned placebo, but the subgroup result needs confirmation in a prospective trial designed to test …
TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv found that poor sleep tracked faster biological aging across more than 64,000 adults, but twin and genetic analyses left the causal claim mixed rather than settled. Key Findings 64,000+ adults: Researchers tested sleep and aging biomarkers across five independent datasets spanning young, middle, and late adulthood. Poorer sleep quality: …
TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv linked a higher 24-hour urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio with deep white matter lesions on brain MRI in older Japanese adults, with the association appearing to depend more on lower potassium excretion than on sodium alone. Key Findings Urine balance was matched to MRI lesions: The analysis included 296 adults from …
TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv reported that frailty and medical comorbidity predicted short-term outcomes more clearly than psychiatric history among older adults evaluated by consultation-liaison psychiatry teams in Spanish general hospitals. Key Findings 465 older inpatients: The prospective OLD-3 cohort included adults aged 65 years and older referred to consultation-liaison psychiatry in 10 Spanish …
TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis in Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that choroid plexus volume, an MRI-visible structure involved in cerebrospinal-fluid regulation and immune signaling, was larger in Alzheimer’s disease than in healthy controls. Key Findings Sixteen studies: The review included 16 MRI-based studies covering 2,004 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 883 healthy controls. …
TL;DR: A 2026 mouse study in Nature found that age-related gut microbiome changes impaired vagal gut-brain signaling and hippocampal memory encoding, while several interventions restored memory performance in aged or microbiome-aged mice. Key Findings Aged microbiome transfer impaired memory: Young mice exposed to aged gut microbes showed worse novel object recognition and Barnes maze performance …
TL;DR: A 2026 mouse study in Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research found that chronic intermittent ethanol plus repeated forced-swim stress left mice drinking more alcohol months later and impaired reversal learning in midlife, alongside locus coeruleus signs of oxidative stress and weaker adrenergic autoregulation. Key Findings Persistent effects reached midlife: The experiment followed 55 C57BL/6J …
TL;DR: A 2026 open-label study in Communications Medicine found that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy changed cerebrospinal-fluid immune-cell responses and Alzheimer-related biomarkers in 23 older adults. Key Findings Small trial context: 2 related 1-year open-label trials enrolled 23 adults aged 55 or older at one academic medical center. BCG dosing was simple: Participants received 2 intradermal …
TL;DR: A 2026 cohort study in PLOS One found that higher fasting plasma vitamin C levels were independently associated with larger MRI-measured gray matter and stronger default mode network (DMN) structural connectivity in 2,044 older adults, but the cross-sectional design cannot show that vitamin C caused the brain differences. Key Findings Large MRI cohort: The …
