Neuropsychiatric Disorders

SuperAgers Kept Youthful Memory With Preserved Cortex and Larger Entorhinal Neurons

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SuperAgers Reveal Biology of Preserved Memory

SuperAgers Reveal Brain Biology of Preserved Memory TL;DR: Octogenarians who recall words like 50-year-olds carry a distinct brain profile: preserved cortical volume, a cingulate cortex thicker than younger adults, larger entorhinal neurons, fewer inflammatory microglia, and more von Economo neurons — the biology is real, not just motivational. Key Findings Age-80 memory matched 50-to-60-year-olds: SuperAgers …

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Autism Severity Tracked Frontoparietal-DMN Connectivity Across ADHD and Autism

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Autism Severity Showed Up in a Shared ADHD Connectome

Autism Severity Showed Up in a Shared ADHD Connectome TL;DR: In 166 verbal children diagnosed with either autism or ADHD without autism, stronger resting-state coupling between the left middle frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex tracked clinician-rated autism severity across both diagnoses, while ADHD symptom ratings showed no comparable brain-wide signal. Key Findings 166 low-motion …

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Lifetime Cognitive Enrichment Delayed Alzheimer’s Dementia

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Lifetime Cognitive Enrichment Delayed Alzheimer's Dementia

Lifetime Cognitive Enrichment Delayed Alzheimer’s Dementia TL;DR: In 1,939 Rush Memory and Aging Project participants, higher lifetime cognitive enrichment was linked to 38% lower Alzheimer’s dementia hazard and about 5 years later dementia onset. Key Findings 1,939 dementia-free adults: Participants were older adults from Northeastern Illinois in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, with a …

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Ketamine Restored Reward Bias in Depression and Stressed Rats

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Ketamine Restored Reward Bias Across Species

Ketamine Restored Reward Bias Across Species TL;DR: Ketamine restored reward-learning bias in both treatment-resistant depression and chronically stressed rats while leaving basic discrimination unchanged. Key Findings Reward bias increased: Ketamine significantly increased response bias toward the more frequently rewarded stimulus in both species. Healthy-control levels returned: The reward-bias effect reached levels comparable with healthy controls …

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EPA Impaired Brain Vessel Repair After Repetitive Brain Injury (CTE)

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EPA Rewired Brain Vessels After Repetitive Brain Injury

EPA Rewired Brain Vessels After Repetitive Brain Injury TL;DR: Fish-oil-derived EPA looked less like a simple neuroprotective supplement and more like a lipid signal that changed brain-vessel repair after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Key Findings EPA accumulated before injury: In a fish-oil diet model, eicosapentaenoic acid built up in the brain at baseline rather …

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L-DOPA Partly Rescued Entorhinal Memory Failure in Alzheimer’s Mice

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Dopamine Disruption May Start Alzheimer's Memory Failure

Dopamine Disruption May Start Alzheimer’s Memory Failure TL;DR: In an Alzheimer’s mouse model, early memory failure tracked a broken dopamine signal into the lateral entorhinal cortex, and both optogenetic dopamine reactivation and L-DOPA partially restored learning. Key Findings Early learning slipped: Young APP knock-in mice reached 78.6% correct trials in the final learning block, compared …

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First-Episode Psychosis Reduced CSF C4A-C1Q Immune Coupling

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C4A Broke Away From C1Q in First-Episode Psychosis

C4A Broke Away From C1Q in First-Episode Psychosis TL;DR: In cerebrospinal fluid from people with first-episode psychosis, the usual positive relationship between C4A and C1Q disappeared, while C4A’s broader immune-network pattern shifted sharply in a way C4B did not. Key Findings C4A-C1Q coupling broke in psychosis: The study compared 113 patients with first-episode psychosis against …

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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Loneliness Matched Self-Other Social Value Gaps

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In Borderline Personality Disorder, Loneliness Tracked a Gap Between Self-View and Expectations

In Borderline Personality Disorder, Loneliness Tracked a Gap Between Self-View and Expectations TL;DR: In borderline personality disorder, loneliness was higher when patients rated themselves as especially prosocial and justice-sensitive but did not expect the same level of fairness or concern from other people. Key Findings Self-view and expectations diverged in BPD: Treatment-seeking patients showed bigger …

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Astrocyte BMP Suppression Reduced Audiogenic Seizures in Fragile X Mice

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Astrocyte BMP Suppression Eased Fragile X Signals

Astrocyte BMP Suppression Eased Fragile X Signals TL;DR: In a fragile X mouse model, suppressing BMP signaling specifically in astrocytes reduced sound-triggered seizure severity and partially restored synaptic activity in the auditory cortex, a sound-processing region relevant to sensory over-responsiveness. Key Findings BMP signaling was elevated in fragile X astrocytes: The study focused on bone …

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Childhood Trauma Increased Randomness in Teen Depression Brain Networks

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Childhood Trauma Made Teen Depression Networks More Random

Childhood Trauma Made Teen Depression Networks More Random TL;DR: In 343 adolescents with major depression, childhood trauma was linked to less efficient brain-network organization, partial normalization after treatment, and an fMRI-based model that predicted antidepressant response with 82% balanced accuracy. Key Findings 343 depressed adolescents scanned: The study analyzed resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) in adolescents …

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