Hypertension in older adults leads to poorer cognitive and walking performance due to the need for more brain resources to manage dual tasks. Highlights: Older adults with hypertension show higher brain activation in motor and sensory areas when performing dual cognitive-walking tasks compared to healthy peers. Hypertensive individuals have worse cognitive performance on single cognitive …
This study shows that type 2 diabetes causes decreased blood flow and changes in neural activity in specific parts of the hippocampus, which may initially compensate for cognitive decline but deteriorate with worsening diabetes. Highlights: Decreased Perfusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes have lower blood flow in the right hippocampal CA1, DG, and subiculum areas. …
The study found that higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and better cognitive function reduce suicidal thoughts in first-episode schizophrenia patients, while more severe symptoms and higher total cholesterol levels increase the risk. Highlights: Suicidal Ideation Rate: 26.02% of first-episode schizophrenia patients had suicidal thoughts. Risk Factors: Higher total cholesterol (TC) levels and more …
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the nucleus accumbens reduces cocaine seeking in male rats but is ineffective in female rats, regardless of their estrous cycle phase. Highlights: No FDA-Approved Treatments: There are currently no FDA-approved treatments for cocaine use disorder. DBS Reduces Cocaine Seeking in Males: Previous studies and the current experiment show that DBS …
The ADHD polygenic score (PGS) adds slight yet statistically significant value to existing ADHD diagnostic tools, though it currently lacks clinical utility. Highlights: Study Overview: Researchers tested if adding a genetic score (ADHD PGS) to traditional diagnostic tools (ASRS and WURS scales) and family history could better predict ADHD. Improvement in Diagnosis: Adding the ADHD …
The study suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in blood and brain tissues can serve as significant biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring major depressive disorder (MDD). Highlights: Diagnostic Potential: miRNAs and lncRNAs show significant variations in depressed patients, indicating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for MDD. Treatment Monitoring: Changes in miRNA levels …
A study reported significant causal relationships between specific immune cell subtypes and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), highlighting 26 genetic correlations and potential biomarkers for early detection and treatment. Highlights: Significant Genetic Correlations: The study identifies 26 potential correlations between genetic predispositions in immune cell types (immunophenotypes) and the risk of developing ASD. Bi-Directional Analysis Results: …
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is underutilized in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) despite showing significant clinical benefits, with barriers including insurance coverage and limited access. Highlights: Study Scope: Analyzed real-world data from a large, multi-site psychiatric practice to evaluate TMS utilization and outcomes compared to usual care (UC) for patients with MDD. Patient Cohorts: Among …
A study found that certain genetic variations in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) were associated with different aspects of social understanding abilities in children with and without autism. Highlights: In typically developing children, one genetic variation (rs2268498) was linked to better verbal social understanding skills. In children with autism, a different genetic variation (rs53576) was …
Normal aging leads to a decrease in brain volume, with gray and white matter shrinking and cerebrospinal fluid increasing, as measured by synthetic MRI. Highlights: Study Sample: 300 healthy adults (141 males, median age 48; 159 females, median age 50) were analyzed using synthetic MRI. Brain Volume Trends: Brain parenchymal volume (nBPV) decreases steadily with …
