Drugs & Medications

Ketamine Alters Sleep Architecture in Depression: Delta Waves, Alpha Waves, Beta Waves (2024 Study)

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A study examined the effects of ketamine on sleep arousal metrics in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) vs. healthy volunteers, finding that ketamine increases certain sleep-related brain activities but does not significantly mediate its antidepressant effects through these sleep changes. Highlights: Individuals with TRD had lower total sleep time and shorter REM latency compared to …

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Case Report: Ozempic (Semaglutide) Worsening Depression in 54-Year-Old Female (2024)

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GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide, used for managing Type 2 diabetes, may be linked to adverse mood changes, necessitating further investigation into their psychiatric effects. Highlights: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: These medications mimic GLP-1 hormone effects, enhancing insulin secretion and reducing appetite, commonly used for Type 2 diabetes management. Mood Effects: Data on the impact of …

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Amphetamine Salts Cause Compulsive Biting & Chewing in 32-Year-Old Female with ADHD (2024 Case Report)

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TLDR: A patient developed a compulsive chewing behavior when taking mixed amphetamine salts (MAS) for ADHD, highlighting the need to monitor for unusual side effects with stimulant use. Highlights: Patient Background: The patient is a 32-year-old woman with a history of GERD, gastroparesis, migraines, PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder, ADHD, and unspecified bipolar disorder. Medication & …

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Oral Contraceptives Enhance Social Behaviors & Reduce Threat Avoidance Under Stress in Women (2024 Study)

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Oral contraceptives (OCs) reduce avoidance bias and increase approach behavior under stress, with effects varying based on the type of contraceptive used. Highlights: Participants: The study involved 130 women, split evenly between those taking oral contraceptives (OCs) and those not using any hormonal contraception. Avoidance Bias: Women taking oral contraceptives showed a reduced tendency to …

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How Common Are Antidepressant Withdrawal Symptoms? Estimated in 31% of Patients (2024 Review)

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Antidepressant withdrawal symptoms occur in about one-third of patients stopping antidepressants, with severe symptoms in about 3% of cases – according to a new Lancet Psychiatry review. Highlights: Incidence of Symptoms: Approximately 31% of patients experience at least one discontinuation symptom after stopping antidepressants, compared to 17% for those stopping placebo. Severe Symptoms: Around 3% …

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Lecanemab for Alzheimers Disease: Reduces Amyloid-Beta Plaques But High ARIA Adverse Events (2024 Review)

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Lecanemab shows promise in treating Alzheimer’s disease by reducing clinical deterioration and amyloid-beta plaques, but it has significant adverse effects and requires further research for confirmation. Highlights: FDA Approval: The US FDA authorized lecanemab for Alzheimer’s disease treatment in January 2023. Efficacy: Lecanemab significantly reduces clinical deterioration and amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. Adverse Effects: …

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LSD Linked to Lower Psychological Resilience & Increased Distress After Job Loss (2024 Study)

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TLDR: LSD does not provide psychological resilience during stressful experiences such as job loss – and may increase psychological distress. Highlights: The study analyzed data from 5,067,553 unemployed individuals seeking jobs. LSD users who had used the drug more than a year before job loss were the focus to ensure accurate results. LSD use prior …

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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists & Lower Dementia Risk in Older Adults with Diabetes (2024 Study)

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TLDR: GLP-1 agonists were found to significantly reduce the risk of dementia in older individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to DPP-4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas. Highlights: A sequential trial emulation was conducted using data from Swedish national registers from 2010 to 2020, involving 88,381 participants aged 65 or older with T2DM. The incidence …

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Alcohol & Depression: Occasional Drinking May Lower Risk, Frequent Drinking Increases It (2024 Study)

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TLDR: Occasional drinking may help reduce the risk of major depression, but frequent drinking worsens it. Highlights: Occasional alcohol consumption is linked to a lower risk of major depression. Frequent alcohol intake increases the risk of major depression. The risk increase from frequent drinking persists even when different types of alcohol are considered. The impact …

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Case Report: 10,000 mg Clozapine Overdose in 71-Year-Old Female (2024)

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TLDR: This case study reports the highest recorded nonfatal clozapine overdose (10,000 mg) in an elderly patient, causing significant fluctuations in blood concentration levels following treatment. Highlights: A 71-year-old female ingested 10,000 mg of clozapine, significantly above typical overdose levels, leading to an initial blood concentration of 5200 μg/L. Despite initial treatment, blood clozapine levels …

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