Epilepsy

FMR1 Gene Therapy Reduced Seizures and Gamma EEG Power in Fragile X Mice

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FMR1 Gene Therapy Reduced Seizures and Gamma EEG Power in Fragile X Mice

TL;DR: A 2026 mouse study in Gene Therapy used an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to deliver human FMR1 and reduced sound-triggered seizures, excessive digging, and gamma-frequency electroencephalography (EEG) power in selected dose and route groups. The outcomes came from separate experiments, and high-dose intravenous treatment without immunosuppression caused excess deaths. Key Findings Adolescent seizure …

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Hemispheric Asymmetry MRI Model Classified Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Epilepsy

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Hemispheric Asymmetry MRI Model Classified Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Epilepsy

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv tested an interpretable machine-learning model for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a lesion linked to drug-resistant epilepsy, and found that hemispheric-asymmetry MRI features classified 39 of 50 subjects correctly in leave-one-out testing. Key Findings 50-subject MRI sample: The analysis used 25 FCD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls from the …

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Ketogenic Diet Therapies Reduced Seizures in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Review

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Ketogenic Diet Therapies Reduced Seizures in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Review

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review in PLOS One found that ketogenic diet therapies were linked to more 50% seizure reductions in drug-resistant epilepsy, with clearer evidence in children and more uncertainty for near-complete seizure control, side effects, adherence, and quality of life. Key Findings 17 randomized trials were included: The review screened 1,193 records after …

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DBS Electrodes Improved Deep Brain EEG Source Localization Accuracy

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DBS Electrodes Improved Deep Brain EEG Source Localization Accuracy

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Journal of Neural Engineering reported that adding passive recordings from bidirectional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes to scalp electroencephalography (EEG) improved simulated deep-brain source localization, especially near the implanted lead. Key Findings 72-channel scalp EEG: The simulations combined scalp EEG with 4-contact, 8-contact, or 40-contact DBS electrode configurations. Three noise …

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Parahippocampal Herniation on MRI Mimicked Emergency Brain Disease

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Parahippocampal Herniation on MRI Mimicked Emergency Brain Disease

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Radiology Case Reports described a 14-year-old boy whose seizure workup found a rare congenital left parahippocampal herniation on MRI, with imaging features that favored a benign developmental variant rather than tumor or acute brain herniation. Key Findings One adolescent case: The report involved a previously healthy 14-year-old boy evaluated after …

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Autoimmune Mechanisms May Explain Some Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy

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Autoimmune Mechanisms May Explain Some Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy

TL;DR: A 2026 review in Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine argues that autoimmune mechanisms may explain a subset of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, especially when seizures persist despite standard antiseizure drugs and immune markers are present. Key Findings Drug resistance definition: Drug-resistant epilepsy was defined as persistent seizures despite at least two appropriately selected, tolerated, …

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ADAS-Cog-13 Flagged Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults With Focal Epilepsy

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ADAS-Cog-13 Flagged Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults With Focal Epilepsy

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv found that the ADAS-Cog-13 cognitive scale detected impairment in older adults with focal epilepsy, but a cutoff of 15 had only modest diagnostic accuracy against an epilepsy-specific neuropsychological standard. Key Findings 83 epilepsy patients: The study analyzed adults older than 55 with focal epilepsy from the Brain, Aging, and …

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SYNGAP1 Atypical Absence Seizures Linked to Higher Autistic Behavior Scores

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SYNGAP1 Atypical Absence Seizures Linked to Higher Autistic Behavior Scores

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv linked atypical absence seizures in SYNGAP1-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (SYNGAP1-DEE) to higher caregiver-reported autistic behavior scores, while caregiver-reported peak seizure frequency did not show the same association. Key Findings 337-person analytic cohort: Researchers analyzed 337 SYNGAP1 registry participants with complete epilepsy and behavior questionnaires. 259 epilepsy-positive participants: Epilepsy …

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Neural Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Shapes Neurological Disease and Brain Plasticity

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Neural Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Shapes Neurological Disease and Brain Plasticity

TL;DR: A 2026 review in Nature Reviews Neurology argued that neural extracellular matrix (ECM), the protein-and-glycan scaffold around central nervous system cells, is an active regulator of brain plasticity and neurological disease. Key Findings Multiple ECM forms: The review describes perineuronal nets, perisynaptic ECM, periaxonal coats, and diffuse interstitial ECM. Brain function link: Neural ECM …

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Resting-State EEG Network Markers Distinguished Epilepsy From Functional Seizures

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Resting-State EEG Network Markers Distinguished Epilepsy From Functional Seizures

TL;DR: A 2026 medRxiv preprint found that multivariate resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) network markers separated non-lesional epilepsy from functional/dissociative seizures above chance, but the best model was stronger at identifying epilepsy than at identifying functional/dissociative seizures. Key Findings 148 suspected seizure cases: Researchers analyzed medication-free, visually normal, eyes-closed EEG recordings from 75 people later diagnosed with …

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