Acute and Post-Acute Settings Initiated Most Cognition-Altering Prescriptions in Older Adults With Dementia

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Acute and Post-Acute Settings Initiated Most Cognition-Altering Prescriptions in Older Adults With Dementia

TL;DR: A 2026 study in JAMA Network Open analyzed Medicare claims for adults 66+ from 2008 to 2021 and found that cognition-altering medications — antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, anticholinergics — were disproportionately initiated in emergency rooms, hospitals, and skilled nursing facilities rather than doctors’ offices, especially in dementia patients (43% of antipsychotic starts vs 22% of …

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Cochrane Review of 17 Trials Found Anti-Amyloid Antibodies Made No Clinically Meaningful Difference in Early Alzheimer’s

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Cochrane Review of 17 Trials Found Anti-Amyloid Antibodies Made No Clinically Meaningful Difference in Early Alzheimer's

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pooled 17 trials of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (N=20,342 people with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer’s dementia) and concluded that any effect on memory decline or dementia severity was either nonexistent or well below the threshold considered clinically meaningful for patients. Key Findings …

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Children and Adolescents With ADHD Had Roughly 6x the Depression Rate of Peers in 24-Study Meta-Analysis

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Children and Adolescents With ADHD Had Roughly 6x the Depression Rate of Peers in 24-Study Meta-Analysis

TL;DR: A 2025 meta-analysis in the Journal of Attention Disorders pooled 24 studies (N=6,815) and estimated that 11.31% of children and adolescents with ADHD had co-occurring depression — about six times the rate seen in neurotypical peers in head-to-head case-control studies (~12% vs ~2%). Key Findings Pooled depression rate of 11.31% across 24 studies: The …

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Mendelian Randomization Found Brain Structure Causally Contributed to ADHD and Autism

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Mendelian Randomization Found Brain Structure Causally Contributed to ADHD and Autism

TL;DR: A 2026 Mendelian randomization study in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry used genetic data to test direction of effect between brain structure and neurodevelopmental conditions, and found that increased surface area in the superior frontal gyrus raised ADHD risk while increased surface area in the orbital frontal gyrus protected against autism — with …

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Language and Theory of Mind Brain Systems Were Already Distinct in 3- to 9-Year-Old Children

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Language and Theory of Mind Brain Systems Were Already Distinct in 3- to 9-Year-Old Children

TL;DR: A 2026 Communications Biology fMRI study found that language and theory of mind, the ability to infer other people’s mental states, were already neurally distinct in children aged 3-9 rather than slowly separating during development. Key Findings Children show distinct neural specificity for language and theory of mind in superior temporal lobe — just …

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Intestinal Epithelial Serotonin Reduced Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior via Vagus in Mice; In Utero SSRI Linked to Infant Constipation

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Intestinal Epithelial Serotonin Reduced Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior via Vagus in Mice; In Utero SSRI Linked to Infant Constipation

TL;DR: A 2024 Gastroenterology study found that intestinal epithelial serotonin reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice through vagal signaling, while prenatal SSRI exposure in a human cohort predicted infant functional constipation independent of maternal depression. Key Findings Gut-only serotonin reuptake transporter ablation reduced anxiety and depression-like behavior: Targeting SERT only in the intestinal epithelium …

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Hypothalamic LPO-BDNF Neurons Deepened Anesthesia and DMH Glutamate Neurons Accelerated Emergence in Mice

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Hypothalamic LPO-BDNF Neurons Deepened Anesthesia and DMH Glutamate Neurons Accelerated Emergence in Mice

TL;DR: A 2026 mouse study in iScience found that anesthetic emergence slowed sharply below 31.9°C because two hypothalamic thermoregulatory pathways pushed anesthesia in opposite directions: preoptic BDNF neurons deepened anesthesia, while a dorsomedial-hypothalamus-to-raphe-pallidus glutamate pathway accelerated emergence. Key Findings Emergence delay grows logarithmically below 31.9°C core temperature: In mice, anesthetic emergence time increases logarithmically as …

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Ex-Smokers Had Higher Food Cue Reactivity on fMRI

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Ex-Smokers Had Higher Food Cue Reactivity on fMRI

TL;DR: A 2026 medRxiv preprint found that ex-smokers had higher fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses to high-energy food pictures than adults with obesity or abstinent alcohol dependence, suggesting a brain reward route for post-quitting weight gain. Key Findings 77-person fMRI comparison: Researchers compared 25 ex-smokers, 26 abstinent adults with alcohol dependence, and 26 …

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Early-Life Visceral Stress Sensitized Auditory Brainstem and Altered Cochlear Proteome in Rat IBS Model

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Early-Life Visceral Stress Sensitized Auditory Brainstem and Altered Cochlear Proteome in Rat IBS Model

TL;DR: A 2026 rat study in Neurobiology of Stress found that early-life visceral stress produced adult IBS-like symptoms alongside auditory brainstem sensitization and cochlear protein changes, giving a mechanistic explanation for sound sensitivity reported by some IBS patients. Key Findings Early-life visceral stress sensitized the auditory brainstem: Rats exposed to early-life visceral stress (the standard …

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Braless State Increased Attractiveness Ratings but Lowered Faithfulness Ratings

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Braless State Increased Attractiveness Ratings but Lowered Faithfulness Ratings

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Frontiers in Psychology found that braless images were rated as more attractive but less faithful, while women who feared sexual harassment reported being less likely to go braless in public. Key Findings 409 Slovak women surveyed: Researchers asked women about bra wearing in public and private settings, body-related factors, sexual …

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