Depression

High Fingernail Cortisol Linked to Lifetime Depression

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Elevated fingernail cortisol levels can distinguish individuals with lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) from healthy controls, suggesting it as a promising biomarker for MDD. Highlights: Individuals with lifetime MDD had significantly higher fingernail cortisol concentrations compared to healthy controls (p = 0.041). Higher fingernail cortisol concentrations were correlated with the number of depressive episodes experienced …

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Sleep Patterns vs. Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: Depression, Schizophrenia, ADHD (2024 Study)

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Insomnia and daytime napping are causally associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), while sleep duration influences the risk of schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Highlights: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Insomnia and napping during the day significantly increase the risk of MDD. Schizophrenia: Longer sleep duration is associated with a higher risk …

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Probiotics Alter Clock Gene Expression in Depression to Improve Mood (2024 Study)

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Probiotic treatment may influence core clock gene expression and metabolites in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially linking gut microbiota to circadian rhythms and mood regulation. Highlights: CLOCK Gene Expression: The expression level of the CLOCK gene significantly increased only in individuals receiving probiotic treatment, suggesting a direct impact of probiotics on circadian rhythms. …

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Antidepressant Efficacy vs. CYP2C19 & CYP2D6 Metabolism Genetics (2024 Review)

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CYP2C19 poor metabolizers showed a nominally higher antidepressant remission rate compared to normal metabolizers, but overall genetic variations in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were not significantly associated with antidepressant response. Highlights: Higher Remission Rate: CYP2C19 poor metabolizers had a nominally higher remission rate (OR = 1.46) compared to normal metabolizers, but this did not hold after …

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High Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) Levels Linked to Depression & Mortality Risk (2024 Study)

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Elevated methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels are associated with depressive symptoms and increased mortality risk, but depressive symptoms do not mediate the relationship between MMA and mortality. Highlights: Each standard deviation increase in MMA is associated with a small but significant increase in depressive symptoms. The association between MMA and depressive symptoms is more pronounced in …

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Seems Effective for Depression & Anxiety (2024 Review)

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at 2-mA intensity effectively alleviates depressive symptoms and shows promise in reducing anxiety symptoms across various clinical conditions. Highlights: tDCS targeting the left DLPFC significantly reduces depressive symptoms, highlighting it as a transdiagnostic neural mechanism across diverse clinical conditions. The meta-analysis showed that …

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Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) & Creatinine Ratio vs. Cognition & Depression (2024 Study)

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Elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine ratio (BUNCr) is associated with decreased cognitive function and increased depressive symptoms, with depressive symptoms mediating part of the relationship between BUNCr and cognitive decline. Highlights: BUNCr has a negative association with cognitive function, with higher BUNCr levels linked to lower cognitive performance. BUNCr is positively associated with depressive …

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Shared Genes & Biological Pathways in Depression & Alzheimer’s Disease (2024 Study)

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A study found shared brain-specific mechanisms between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depression, particularly involving synaptic signaling and immune system pathways in the hippocampus, but no direct genetic overlap. Highlights: Six brain-specific eQTL genes (SRA1, MICA, PCDHA7, PCDHA8, PCDHA10, PCDHA13) are shared between AD and depression. Pathway analysis identified shared biological pathways, including synaptic signaling, myelination, …

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Ketamine Rapidly Reverses Suicidal Ideation & Severe Depression (2024 Meta-Analysis)

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Ketamine significantly reduces suicidal ideation in depressed patients, with rapid effects observed within the first day of treatment. Highlights: Rapid Reduction: Ketamine shows a significant reduction in suicidal ideation within the first day of treatment (RR = 10.02, 95% CI = 4.24 to 23.68). Sustained Improvement: Repeated ketamine treatments result in a greater reduction of …

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Repurposing General Anesthetic Drugs to Treat Depression: Ketamine, Nitrous Oxide, Propofol, Isoflurane (2024 Research)

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Repurposing general anesthetic drugs like ketamine for the treatment of major depression represents a significant medical advancement – showcasing rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Highlights: Rapid Antidepressant Effects: Ketamine, nitrous oxide, propofol, and isoflurane have shown rapid and sustained antidepressant properties, offering new treatment options for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Mechanisms of Action: …

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