Psychology

Schizophrenia Gut Microbiome Review Found Composition Shifts, Not Richness Loss

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Schizophrenia Gut Microbiome Review Found Composition Shifts, Not Richness Loss

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis in International Journal of Molecular Sciences found no significant global gut-microbiome alpha-diversity difference in schizophrenia, but reported recurring community-composition and taxonomic shifts. Key Findings 48 studies: The review included 48 human observational studies published between 2017 and 2025. 14 meta-analyzed studies: Only 14 studies provided enough data for …

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Schizophrenia MRI Study Found Cortical Network Subtypes

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Schizophrenia MRI Study Found Cortical Network Subtypes

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint on medRxiv used multisite MRI data from 3,958 people with schizophrenia and 5,489 controls to map cortical network disruptions and identify two robust brain-structure subtypes. Key Findings 9,447 MRI participants: The analysis included 3,958 individuals with schizophrenia and 5,489 neurotypical controls from 40 centers. Gradient alterations: Schizophrenia was linked with widespread …

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Piano Timbre Changed With Key Movement Motor Control

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Piano Timbre Changed With Key Movement Motor Control

TL;DR: A 2025 study in PNAS found that expert pianists changed perceived piano timbre by altering specific key-movement features, and listeners could hear intended differences in weight, clarity, and brightness without seeing the performer. Key Findings 20 expert pianists: The performance experiment recruited competition-winning pianists with an average of 25.5 years of professional piano training. …

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Treatment-Resistant Depression Affected 34% in Pakistan DIVERGE Study

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Treatment-Resistant Depression Affected 34% in Pakistan DIVERGE Study

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv found that treatment-resistant depression affected 34% of medication-exposed major-depression patients in Pakistan’s DIVERGE study, with social support and CYP2C19 metabolizer status standing out as locally important treatment-response markers. Key Findings 3,677 eligible patients: The treatment-resistance analysis included adults with major depressive disorder who had medication exposure and enough adherence …

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P2X7 Receptors May Link Neuroinflammation to Depression Biology

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P2X7 Receptors May Link Neuroinflammation to Depression Biology

TL;DR: A 2026 review in Purinergic Signalling argues that ATP-gated P2X receptors, especially P2X7 and P2X4, may connect stress-related neuroinflammation with depression and bipolar-disorder biology. Key Findings P2X7 focus: The review describes P2X7 receptor signaling as a major link between stress, microglial activation, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, cytokine release, and lower neuroplasticity. P2X4 context: P2X4 receptors …

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Olanzapine Anorexia Nervosa Trials Showed Uncertain BMI Gain

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Olanzapine Anorexia Nervosa Trials Showed Uncertain BMI Gain

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis in BMC Psychiatry reported that olanzapine produced a numerically higher body mass index gain in anorexia nervosa trials, but the pooled randomized evidence remained small, heterogeneous, and not statistically significant. Key Findings 7 RCTs included: The review found 7 randomized controlled trials with 152 people treated for anorexia …

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Neighborhood Deprivation Linked to Faster Epigenetic Aging via Adversity

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Neighborhood Deprivation Linked to Faster Epigenetic Aging via Adversity

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv linked higher neighborhood deprivation to faster DNA-methylation aging in 370 healthy adults, with lifetime adversity explaining part of the association and stronger direct effects among Black participants. Key Findings Yale sample anchored the test: The cross-sectional Yale Stress Center sample included 370 adults aged 18 to 50 years without …

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TKM Without Acupuncture Claims Had Best Menopause Depression Cost-Utility Result

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TKM Without Acupuncture Claims Had Best Menopause Depression Cost-Utility Result

TL;DR: A 2026 nationwide claims study in Integrative Medicine Research found that Korean traditional medicine care without recorded acupuncture claims had the lowest modeled costs and the highest 3-year QALYs among four menopausal-disorder treatment strategies, while acupuncture and integrative-care groups appeared to include sicker, higher-utilization patients. Key Findings 32,941 women: The retrospective cohort used Korean …

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Social Mindfulness Favored Political Ingroup Members in fMRI Study

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Social Mindfulness Favored Political Ingroup Members in fMRI Study

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience used functional MRI (fMRI) to show that adults made more socially mindful choices for political ingroup members than for outgroup or unclassified partners. Key Findings The fMRI task tested group-identity cues: 45 adults with strong pro- or anti-refugee stances made choices for ingroup, outgroup, or …

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Sancai Acupuncture Reduced Primary Insomnia Severity in RCT

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Sancai Acupuncture Reduced Primary Insomnia Severity in RCT

TL;DR: A 2026 randomized trial in Nature and Science of Sleep found that Sancai acupoint acupuncture reduced primary-insomnia severity more than sham acupuncture, with parallel improvements in sleep testing and peripheral 5-HT and BDNF biomarkers. Key Findings 76-person insomnia trial: Researchers randomized 38 patients to real Sancai acupuncture and 38 to sham acupuncture. 20 treatment …

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