Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Chemotherapy Neuropathy Review Links Pain to Brain Changes

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Chemotherapy Neuropathy Review Links Pain to Brain Changes

TL;DR: A 2026 review in Reviews in the Neurosciences argues that chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN), nerve injury from cancer treatment, can involve central nervous system changes that help explain chronic neuropathic pain and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Key Findings 70-80% during treatment: The review cites chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity as affecting about 70-80% of patients during treatment. …

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CBT-I Self-Help Book Reduced Daily Hypnotic Use in GP Insomnia Patients

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CBT-I Self-Help Book Reduced Daily Hypnotic Use in GP Insomnia Patients

TL;DR: A 2025 randomized trial in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care found that a self-help book based on cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), a structured non-drug insomnia treatment, reduced daily hypnotic sleep-medication use and anxiety screening rates more than a brief sleep-hygiene handout among Norwegian general-practice patients prescribed zopiclone or zolpidem. Key Findings …

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Catatonia Limbic System Alterations Identified in Systematic Review of Neurobiological Evidence

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Catatonia Limbic System Alterations Identified in Systematic Review of Neurobiological Evidence

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review in European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience argues that catatonia, a syndrome of freezing, mutism, and abnormal movement, may involve underweighted limbic-system circuitry linking emotional regulation with motor shutdown. Key Findings Limbic system has been comparatively underexplored in catatonia neurobiology: Most prior models focused on cortical motor systems and …

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Orbitofrontal Atrophy Rating Improved bvFTD Diagnostic Certainty

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Orbitofrontal Atrophy Rating Improved bvFTD Diagnostic Certainty

TL;DR: A 2026 Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring study found that orbitofrontal and frontoinsular visual rating scales on MRI helped distinguish possible from probable behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Key Findings bvFTD cohort: The study included 93 probable and 15 possible bvFTD patients, plus healthy controls for cross-sectional comparisons. Best regions: Orbitofrontal and …

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Autistic Children Picked Up Unexpected Second Languages From Screens at 4× the Rate of Peers

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Autistic Children Picked Up Unexpected Second Languages From Screens at 4× the Rate of Peers

TL;DR: A 2026 study in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found unexpected bilingualism in 38.7% of autistic children aged 2-6, about 4.4 times the rate in typically developing peers, with caregivers reporting screen media as the usual source. Key Findings 38.7% of autistic children showed unexpected bilingualism: Using a language absent from the …

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Autism EEG Signals Pointed to Opposing Excitation-Inhibition Subtypes

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Autism EEG Signals Pointed to Opposing Excitation-Inhibition Subtypes

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint electrophysiology study in medRxiv found that the Hurst exponent and gamma oscillations tracked different aspects of excitation-inhibition balance, while human EEG data suggested two autism neurosubtypes with opposing Hurst-gamma profiles. Key Findings Study type: an in-silico, animal-validation, and human EEG study of excitation-inhibition balance in autism. Human EEG dataset: human electroencephalography …

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Antidepressant Discontinuation Did Not Shift Facial Emotion Recognition

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Antidepressant Discontinuation Did Not Shift Facial Emotion Recognition

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Psychological Medicine found that stopping maintenance antidepressants did not meaningfully change facial emotion recognition over 12 or 52 weeks in adults with recurrent depression who were currently well. Key Findings Trial sample: The analysis came from 478 adults in a randomized antidepressant relapse-prevention trial. Emotion task: Participants classified morphed faces …

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Alzheimer’s Capillary Blood Biomarkers Correlated With Cognition

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Alzheimer's Capillary Blood Biomarkers Correlated With Cognition

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Nature Communications found that self-administered finger-prick blood tests for phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217), an Alzheimer’s tau marker, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte-injury marker, correlated with cognition and function in older adults. Key Findings Remote sampling: Participants used capillary finger-prick blood collection rather than standard clinic-based venous blood …

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Anxiety in ALS Was Driven Mostly by Depression Symptoms

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Anxiety in ALS Was Driven Mostly by Depression Symptoms

TL;DR: A 2026 BJPsych Open study found clinically significant anxiety in about 18% of non-demented ALS patients for state anxiety and 14% for trait anxiety, with anxiety scores driven mainly by cognitive-affective depression symptoms rather than motor severity. Key Findings ALS cohort: The study compared 433 non-demented ALS patients with 313 healthy controls. State anxiety: …

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AI Identified ADHD Risk From Electronic Health Records Before Formal Diagnosis

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AI Identified ADHD Risk From Electronic Health Records Before Formal Diagnosis

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Nature Mental Health describes an AI system that scans routine electronic health records (EHRs) and combines early-life visits, prescriptions, and comorbidities into a risk flag for ADHD evaluation before formal diagnosis. Key Findings AI flagged ADHD risk from routine EHR data alone: The model identified patterns predictive of future ADHD …

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