Genetics & Epigenetics

Epigenetic Biomarkers Predict Delirium Diagnosis: DNA Methylation Patterns (2024 Study)

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Epigenetic markers, specifically DNA methylation (DNAm) differences, show promise as diagnostic tools for detecting delirium, including post-operative delirium (POD), across multiple patient cohorts. Highlights: Significant DNAm Differences: Analysis of blood samples from four independent cohorts identified significant DNAm differences between patients with and without delirium, with 11 of the top 13 CpG sites showing consistent …

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids & Depression vs. Genetics: EPA-to-DHA Ratio (2024 Study)

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Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may reduce the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), but causality remains uncertain due to potential pleiotropic mechanisms. Highlights: Genetic Evidence for Omega-3 & Depression: The study used two-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate the causality between genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acid levels and major depression, finding a protective …

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Epigenetic Biosignature of First-Episode Schizophrenia Identified via Machine Learning (2024)

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A new study uses AutoML and blood DNA methylation data to identify novel gene biomarkers for diagnosing schizophrenia (SCZ) with high accuracy. Highlights: Biomarker Discovery: AutoML identified three schizophrenia-specific gene methylation biomarkers: IGF2BP1, CENPI, and PSME4. Methylation Analysis: IGF2BP1 showed higher methylation and PSME4 showed lower methylation in SCZ patients compared to healthy controls, while …

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Eczema & Psychiatric Disorders: Bidirectional Links Discovered in Genetic Analysis (2024)

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TLDR: A recent study explored the potential causal relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) a.k.a. eczema and various psychiatric disorders – finding bidirectional links. Highlights: Data from over 860,000 individuals were analyzed Atopic dermatitis (eczema) increased risk of ADHD & ASD ADHD, anorexia nervosa (AN), bipolar disorder (BD) increased the risk of developing atopic dermatitis (eczema) …

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Sleep Disturbances in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: What You Should Know

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22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic condition caused by a missing chunk of chromosome 22. It comes with high rates of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric problems. Sleep issues are very common in 22q11.2DS across the lifespan. Key Facts: Sleep problems occur in up to 91% of those with 22q11.2DS and involve difficulties falling asleep, staying …

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Optimizing Escitalopram (Lexapro) Dosage with CYP2C19 Enzyme Genetics & Body Weight

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Researchers have made strides towards enabling personalized dosing for the commonly prescribed antidepressant escitalopram. Using robust clinical trial data, they developed an innovative population pharmacokinetics model that elucidates the impact of patient genetics and physiology. Key Facts: Model based on data from over 170 healthy Chinese adults receiving single escitalopram doses Identified CYP2C19 liver enzyme …

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Parental Inbreeding (Consanguinity) Increases Risk of Schizophrenia (South India Study)

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A new study conducted in rural South India has found that people whose parents are blood relatives (consanguineous marriage) have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia compared to the general population. Key Facts: Researchers recruited 120 patients with schizophrenia and 222 healthy controls from the same rural region in South India. 10.7% of patients with …

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Genetics & Intelligence (IQ): How DNA Shapes Cognition, Problem Solving, etc.

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Our genes influence more than just our raw intelligence and problem-solving abilities. The latest discoveries in the genetics of intelligence are showing how our DNA shapes how we learn, our educational attainment, occupational success, and even our health outcomes. Genetic research is revealing the deep connections between inherited cognitive capacities and multiple aspects of life. …

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Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviors: Physiology, Brain Structure & Function, Genetics

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Criminal behavior has complex origins. While social and psychological factors play a clear role, a growing body of research suggests biological factors also influence criminality. Here’s what the science says so far about the biology underlying criminal behavior. Key Facts: Genetics account for 40-60% of variance in antisocial behavior. Environmental factors also play a role. …

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Pharmacogenomics: Genetics Determine Weight Gain & Loss from Drugs & Medications

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Obesity has reached epidemic levels globally, with serious health and economic consequences. While lifestyle factors play a key role, genetics also influence a person’s susceptibility to weight gain or difficulty losing weight. An emerging field called pharmacogenomics is uncovering how genetics impacts response to medications that cause weight gain as a side effect, as well …

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