TL;DR: A 2026 medRxiv preprint from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group used structural MRI from 2,782 people with substance use disorder (SUD) and 1,951 controls and reported that addiction-related brain differences followed cortical network hubs and neurotransmitter receptor maps. Key Findings 4,733-person MRI sample: Researchers compared 2,782 people with SUD against 1,951 controls across 51 …
TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis posted as a medRxiv preprint found that mindfulness-based programs were linked to a small improvement in executive function, meaning inhibition, working memory, and flexible thinking, across 13 youth trials. Key Findings 13 trials were included: The meta-analysis pooled randomized and quasi-randomized trials in 1,560 children and adolescents aged …
TL;DR: A 2026 rat and cell study in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine reported that an engineered VIN nanosystem shifted microglia toward an anti-inflammatory state and reduced ischemic-stroke infarct measures in MCAO rats. Key Findings CXCR4 increased 1.75-fold: Fe3O4 nanoparticle induction raised CXCR4 expression in bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell membranes. A151 loading reached …
TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv found that under-mattress sleep sensors associated lower nighttime respiratory rate and more unstable nighttime movement with higher odds of next-day agitation in dementia, while the same features did not predict how severe agitation became once it occurred. Key Findings 55 dementia patients supplied the main dataset: Researchers matched 333 …
TL;DR: A 2026 preprint on medRxiv tested transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), a noninvasive ear-based stimulation method, during a grip-strength reward task and found that people with severe depressive symptoms made more efficient effort choices under active stimulation than under sham. Key Findings Reward-effort task included 98 participants: The analysis included 53 people with major …
TL;DR: A 2026 mouse study in Blood found that Thrombosomes, a freeze-dried platelet-derived blood product, reduced bleeding, vessel leak, inflammation, and blood-brain-barrier disruption after traumatic brain injury. Key Findings Thrombosomes were tested after traumatic brain injury: the product is made from preserved platelet material and was originally designed for hemorrhage control. Treatment was given after …
TL;DR: A 2026 machine-learning study in PLOS One used student mental-health survey features to test an interpretable FT-Transformer plus LSTM model, which reached 95% accuracy for low, medium, and high risk prediction in a public dataset. Key Findings 95% accuracy: the full interpretable FT-Transformer plus LSTM model outperformed AdaBoost, SVM, logistic regression, Random Forest, LSTM, …
TL;DR: A 2026 review in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews found that chronic primary pain studies most consistently linked higher pain sensitivity with lower mean arterial pressure, higher cortisol, higher heart rate during recovery, and lower parasympathetic recovery. Key Findings The evidence base covered 52 studies; 37 contributed qualitative evidence and 21 had enough data for …
TL;DR: A 2026 medRxiv preprint found that soluble CD27 (sCD27), a T-cell activation marker, was elevated in a subgroup of patients with severe psychiatric disorders and was more common when autoimmune disease or abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation markers were present. Key Findings The immunopsychiatry cohort included 115 patients: Researchers compared severe psychiatric-disorder cases enriched …
TL;DR: A 2026 study in Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health linked better sleep quality before influenza vaccination and earlier chronotype to stronger immune-response markers in 108 adults. Key Findings Vaccination cohort: Researchers studied sleep, vaccination timing, chronotype, and immune markers in 108 adults after influenza vaccination. Pre-shot sleep quality: Better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index …
