New research reveals that the wake-promoting drug modafinil affects markers of sleep homeostasis differently depending on a person’s genetics. Key facts: Modafinil improved sustained attention in people with a certain gene variant but not others after sleep deprivation. Modafinil reduced sleepiness and theta brain waves during wakefulness regardless of genetics. Modafinil did not reduce slow …
A series of studies suggest that repeated low doses of d-amphetamine can lead to a progressively greater behavioral response in some people. This phenomenon, known as “behavioral sensitization,” has been observed in animal models and hypothesized to contribute to addiction in humans. However, few controlled human studies have directly tested this idea. A new double-blind, …
Big picture: Psychoplastogens are a groundbreaking new class of psychoactive compounds that rapidly induce structural and functional changes in the brain, allowing pathological neural circuits to be rewired for therapeutic benefit. Key facts about psychoplastogens: Rapidly increase neural plasticity, unlike traditional antidepressants that work slowly. Produce fast-acting and sustained antidepressant effects in humans after a …
Amphetamine is well known for its ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain. But new research suggests the psychostimulant drug may also directly alter dopamine 2 receptors, with implications for behavioral effects and physiological changes seen after chronic amphetamine use. Key facts: In cells expressing the dopamine transporter, prolonged amphetamine exposure decreased dopamine 2 …
Wastewater from pharmaceutical plants and research facilities may contain concerning levels of toxic chemicals and drugs. As this water is often reused for irrigation or finds its way into drinking water, it poses significant public health risks that urgently need addressing. Key Facts: Wastewater can contain residues from thousands of different pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, antidepressants, …
Kava is an ancient ceremonial drink from the Pacific Islands that’s gaining popularity worldwide for its ability to reduce anxiety, improve sleep, and protect brain health. Key facts about kava: Kava comes from the root of the Piper methysticum plant and has been consumed ceremonially and socially in Pacific Island cultures for thousands of years. …
Kratom is a plant gaining popularity as an alternative painkiller and recreational drug. But how much do we really know about its risks and benefits? About Kratom: Kratom is a tropical tree in the coffee family, native to Southeast Asia. People ingest its leaves to produce stimulant and opioid-like effects. Use is rising in the …
A new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine has shed light on the growing use of kratom, an herbal drug with psychoactive effects, in the United States. The key findings show that kratom use is rising, with 0.7% of Americans aged 12 and older reporting past-year use. Use is especially common among …
The FDA-approved diabetes drug semaglutide reduces alcohol drinking in mice and rats, suggesting it could be repurposed as an effective medication for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Key findings include: Semaglutide dose-dependently decreased binge-like drinking in both male and female mice. In rats, semaglutide reduced binge-like and dependence-induced alcohol drinking. Semaglutide also decreased consumption of caloric …
A panel of Chinese medical experts has reached a consensus on recommended medications for rapidly and effectively treating symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD) in pilots. The goal is to quickly relieve symptoms and restore cognitive function to ensure flight safety. The experts recommended different medications based on the specific ASD symptoms present. Key Facts: …
