Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Smoking-Cessation Medications Show Limited Trial Evidence in Indigenous Adults

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Smoking-Cessation Medications Show Limited Trial Evidence in Indigenous Adults

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review in Preventive Medicine Reports found limited but suggestive randomized-trial evidence that smoking-cessation medications can help Indigenous adults quit, especially when paired with supportive or culturally tailored care. Key Findings 5 RCTs: The review found only 5 randomized controlled trials, totaling 1,633 participants, in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Maori adult …

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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Not Ready for Acute Stroke Neuroprotection, Review Finds

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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Not Ready for Acute Stroke Neuroprotection, Review Finds

TL;DR: A 2026 narrative review in Journal of Central Nervous System Disease found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have promising stroke-prevention and animal-model evidence, but human data do not yet support routine use as an acute ischemic stroke neuroprotective treatment. Key Findings Search through January 2026: The review covered preclinical stroke models, observational studies, randomized …

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Autoimmune Mechanisms May Explain Some Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy

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Autoimmune Mechanisms May Explain Some Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy

TL;DR: A 2026 review in Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine argues that autoimmune mechanisms may explain a subset of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, especially when seizures persist despite standard antiseizure drugs and immune markers are present. Key Findings Drug resistance definition: Drug-resistant epilepsy was defined as persistent seizures despite at least two appropriately selected, tolerated, …

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Mental Health Apps Split Depression, Anxiety, and Workplace Well-Being Effects

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Mental Health Apps Split Depression, Anxiety, and Workplace Well-Being Effects

TL;DR: A 2026 randomized trial in JMIR Mental Health found that a 4-week executive-function training app reduced depression and anxiety symptoms at 12-week follow-up, while a self-guided CBT app mainly improved workplace well-being. Key Findings Workplace app trial: Participants with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety symptoms were assigned to waitlist control, NeuroNation executive-function training, or Moodfit …

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Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration Axes Mapped Alzheimer’s Heterogeneity

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Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration Axes Mapped Alzheimer's Heterogeneity

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv used amyloid positron-emission tomography, tau molecular imaging, and structural MRI to build individualized Alzheimer’s disease biomarker axes from ADNI and validate them in OASIS. Key Findings 12,430 ADNI images: The pipeline harmonized longitudinal amyloid-beta and tau positron-emission tomography images plus T1 MRI gray matter images from ADNI. 4,958 OASIS …

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Laypeople Named More Alcohol Than Cannabis Intoxication Cues

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Laypeople Named More Alcohol Than Cannabis Intoxication Cues

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Drug and Alcohol Review found that laypeople reported more and better-developed cues for alcohol intoxication than cannabis intoxication, even though most coded cues for both substances were accurate. Key Findings Intoxication-cue sample: The survey sample was 77.7% female, with an average age of 20.5 years, and came from undergraduate psychology …

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AI Remote Monitoring Studies Favored Parkinson’s but Had High Bias Risk

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AI Remote Monitoring Studies Favored Parkinson's but Had High Bias Risk

TL;DR: A 2026 systematic review in BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making found that AI models using remote-monitoring data were most often studied in Parkinson’s disease, but 56 of 76 prospective studies had high risk of bias. Key Findings 6,668 records were screened: Researchers narrowed the search to 76 prospective studies of machine learning for …

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Five Adolescent Emotion-Regulation Profiles Tracked Mental Health

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Five Adolescent Emotion-Regulation Profiles Tracked Mental Health

TL;DR: A 2026 study in Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology followed 951 New Zealand adolescents and found that 5 emotion-regulation profiles tracked different patterns of anxiety, depression, optimism, resilience, and wellbeing over 5 months. Key Findings 951 adolescents were studied: The sample completed the Process of Emotion Regulation Measure (PERM), a tool that separates …

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ADAS-Cog-13 Flagged Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults With Focal Epilepsy

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ADAS-Cog-13 Flagged Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults With Focal Epilepsy

TL;DR: A 2026 preprint in medRxiv found that the ADAS-Cog-13 cognitive scale detected impairment in older adults with focal epilepsy, but a cutoff of 15 had only modest diagnostic accuracy against an epilepsy-specific neuropsychological standard. Key Findings 83 epilepsy patients: The study analyzed adults older than 55 with focal epilepsy from the Brain, Aging, and …

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PF-04995274 5-HT4 Agonist Changed Depression Signals Without SSRI-Like Bias Shift

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PF-04995274 5-HT4 Agonist Changed Depression Signals Without SSRI-Like Bias Shift

TL;DR: A 2026 randomized study in The British Journal of Psychiatry found that the experimental 5-HT4 receptor agonist PF-04995274 did not mimic citalopram’s early emotional-bias effects in unmedicated depression, but it was linked with lower depression ratings and increased medial-frontal brain activation after about 1 week. Key Findings 90 randomized adults: The RESTAND study assigned …

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